| New investors are often understandably confused | | | | Some investors deliberately place limit orders in |
| by how stocks are priced. The bewildering truth is | | | | anticipation of a stock's movement, and wait for |
| that in many cases thereare two prices, | | | | daysor weeks for the orders to fill. |
| mysteriously called the bid and ask. The | | | | Once you receive confirmation of your |
| discrepancy results from the fact that stock is | | | | transaction, you may not need to do anything for |
| always being boughtand sold. From the investor's | | | | a while, especially if you plan onholding your stock |
| viewpoint, the bid is the price when selling, and the | | | | for a long time. When to sell is entirely up to you, |
| ask is the price when buying. | | | | and involves initiating another transaction |
| Imagine the person you're buying from. This | | | | whenyou're ready. |
| person actually exists in the form of a market | | | | You can, however, place a sell limit order |
| maker, a professional from whominvestors buy | | | | immediately after receiving confirmation of a |
| and sell. A market maker is simply a product | | | | purchase, which specifies aparticular price at which |
| distributor, and stock is the product. Like any | | | | to sell. For example, if you bought a stock at 50, |
| other distributor,a market maker earns money by | | | | you can specify a sell limit of 60, meaning |
| marking up the cost of the product. Since market | | | | yourbroker will automatically sell your shares once |
| makers buy and sell this product all day, theyprice | | | | the stock reaches that price. |
| it differently depending on whether you are | | | | If your stock has made a nice run-up and you |
| buying or selling. Obviously, they charge a higher | | | | want to protect part of your profits, you can put |
| price to buy stock fromthem, and offer a lower | | | | a stop loss on your shares,which is a price you |
| price for stock you want to sell to them. | | | | specify underneath where the stock is currently |
| The difference between the bid and the ask is | | | | trading. If it falls to your stop loss price, |
| called the spread. It is sometimes possible to beat | | | | yourbroker will automatically sell your position, |
| the spread (buy stock lowerthan the ask price, or | | | | locking in some profits and avoiding a possible |
| sell stock higher than the bid price) by placing a | | | | freefall back to where youbought the stock, or |
| limit order between the two prices. In a | | | | worse, falling even further than that. For example, |
| volatilemarketplace, the prices are always jumping | | | | let's say you bought a stock at 50, and it's run |
| around, but they remain tied to each other. In | | | | upto 100. If you're a little anxious about the price |
| high-volume stocks, the spread issmall, sometimes | | | | dropping back to 50 and watching your gains |
| just 1/16 of a point which is .06 | | | | evaporate, you can specify astop loss of 90. If |
| There is a thrilling moment of empowerment | | | | the stock drops to 90, your broker sells your |
| before you make your first online stock purchase. | | | | shares, and you've locked in a profit of $40 a |
| You are playing in the marketright there alongside | | | | share. Butif the stock continues its ascent past |
| the big boys of Wall Street. Before you set the | | | | 100, then nothing happens, and you enjoy an |
| wheels in motion by clicking that on-screen | | | | even greater paper profit. Note also thatyou can |
| button,there are some basic decisions to make. | | | | continue to move your stop loss up as the price |
| Are you using a market order or limit order? | | | | ascends, protecting even more of your gains |
| Market orders direct the brokerage to buy and | | | | along the way. Beforewarned, though, that your |
| sell stock at prevailing prices assoon as you place | | | | stop loss may not get executed exactly at the |
| your order. Limit orders define the price you're | | | | price you specify. Extremely volatile stocks |
| willing to pay or receive. When placing a limit | | | | canplummet past your stop price before your |
| order, youmust decide whether it should expire if | | | | broker has a chance to act, or in an overnight |
| not filled by the time the market closes (a day | | | | move, may open below your stop price. |
| order, or good for the day), orshould remain open | | | | Stop losses are not absolute protection, merely |
| until you manually cancel it (a good till canceled | | | | general protection. |
| order). (Note: Most online investors use limit | | | | Over the last decade, personal investing has |
| ordersas a matter of course, never placing a | | | | filtered into our culture and brought Wall Street to |
| market order into a volatile stock market. Limit | | | | Main Street. Informationand trading techniques |
| orders should be strongly consideredwhen buying | | | | that were previously only available to the pros are |
| volatile stocks, and can't hurt when buying in | | | | now in the hands of every individual investor. |
| calmer waters. Market orders, by contrast, can | | | | With all this freedom and empowerment comes |
| hurt very much ifyour broker executes your | | | | great risks as well. Once you discover just how |
| trade at a price much higher than you expected.) | | | | easy it is, using a Web brokercan lead to |
| Once you place your order and are finished with | | | | excessive trading, and invite rash and compulsive |
| your celebratory dance about the room, you | | | | decisions. Don't get caught up in hype and let your |
| should check the orderconfirmation. In the case of | | | | emotionsget the best of you. Do your homework, |
| market orders, that confirmation should appear on | | | | choose a level of risk that you're comfortable |
| your screen (or on whatever page to which | | | | with, and execute your trades wisely. |
| yourbrokerage directs you) within a minute, or | | | | Just remember that online investing is only a tool |
| even seconds. Limit orders may take longer, as | | | | to help you achieve financial security and reach |
| the market must match yourpredetermined price. | | | | your life goals. Good luck! |