| Etymologically the vocabulary of the
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| | classifying the borrowed stock of
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| English
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| | words.The borrowed stock of words may be
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| language is far from being homogenous.
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| | classified according to the nature of
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| It
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| | the
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| consists of two layers - the native
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| | borrowing itself as borrowing proper,
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| stock of
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| | loans
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| words and the borrowed stock of words.
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| | translation and semantic
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| Numerically the borrowed stock of words
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| | loans.Loan translation or calque
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| is
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| | is a phrase borrowed from another
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| considerably larger than the native
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| | language by
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| stock of
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| | literal word-for-word
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| words.In fact native words comprise only
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| | translation.Semantic loan is the
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| 30% of
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| | borrowing of
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| the total number of words in the English
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| | the meaning for a word already existing
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|
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| | in the
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| vocabulary but the native words form the
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| | English language.Latin loans are
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| bulk
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| | classified into the
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| of the most frequent words actually used
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| | subgroups.
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| in
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| | Early Latin loans. Those are the
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| speech and writing. Besides, the native
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| | words which came into English language
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| words
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| | through
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| have a wider range of lexical and
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| | the languages of the Anglo-Saxon tribes.
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| grammatical
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| | The
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| valency, they are highly polysemantic
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| | tribes had been in contact with Roman
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| and
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| | civilization and had adopted many Latin
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| productive in forming word clusters and
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| | words
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| set
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| | denoting objects belonging to that
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| expressions.Borrowed words or
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| | civilization
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| loanwords are words taken from another
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| | long before the invasion of the Angles,
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| language and modified according to the
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| | Saxons
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| patterns
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| | and Judes into Britain (e.g., cup,
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| of the receiving language.In many cases
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| | kitchen,
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| a borrowed word especially one
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| | mill, wine, port).Later Latin
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| borrowed long ago is practically
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| | borrowings. To this
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| indistinguishable from a native word
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| | group belong the words which penetrated
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| without a
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| | into
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| thorough etymological analysis. The
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| | English language in the sixth and
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| number of
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| | seventh
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| the borrowings in the vocabulary of the
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| | centuries, when the English people were
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| language and the role played by them is
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| | converted to Christianity (e.g., priest,
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| determined by the historical development
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| of the
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| | bishop, nun, and candle).The third
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| nation speaking the language.The most
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| | period of the Latin
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| effective way of borrowing is
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| | borrowings includes words which came
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| direct borrowing from another language
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| | into
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| as the
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| | English due to two historical events:
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| result of the contacts with other
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| | the
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| nations.
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| | Norman Conquest and the Renaissance.
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| Though, a word may be also borrowed
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| | Some came
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| indirectly
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| | to English language through French but
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| not from the source language but through
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| | some
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|
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| | were borrowed directly from Latin (e.g.,
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| another language.When analyzing borrowed
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| | major,
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| words one should
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| | minor, intelligent, permanent).The
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| distinguish between two terms - source
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| | latest layer of Latin words.
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| of
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| | The words of this period are mainly
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| borrowing and origin of
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| | abstract
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| borrowing. The first term is applied to
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| | and scientific words (e.g., nylon,
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| the language from which the word was
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| | molecular,
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| immediately borrowed and the second - to
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| | vaccine, phenomenon, and vacuum).
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| the
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| | The tendency of the English language to
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| language to which the word may be
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| | borrow extensively can be traced during
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| ultimately
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| | the
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| traced. The closer the two interacting
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| | centuries. Thus, one can confidently
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| languages are in structure the easier it
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| | claim that
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| is for
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| | borrowing is one of the most productive
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| words of one language to penetrate into
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| | sources
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| the
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| | of enrichment of the English vocabulary.
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| other.There are different approaches to
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|
