| Ideally, investors try to buy a stock when the | | | | than if you had bought all the shares in the |
| price has reached a support level (a level at which | | | | beginning before the price skyrocketed. So, it is |
| the price is as low as it will go) and sell the stock | | | | not always a winning strategy to spread your |
| when it hits a resistance level (a level at which the | | | | purchases over a period of time. |
| price is as high as it will go). This is easier said | | | | Value averaging, also known as dollar value |
| than done. Most investors end up missing out on a | | | | averaging (DVA), is a technique of adding to an |
| continual rise by waiting for a stock to plummet | | | | investment portfolio to provide greater return |
| first, or sell way to early by underestimating how | | | | than similar methods such as dollar cost averaging |
| high the price will go. In this article, we will focus | | | | and random investment. With the method, |
| on the two most popular strategies that you can | | | | investors contribute to their portfolios in such a |
| use to invest without having to worry about | | | | way that the portfolio balance increases by a set |
| market timing. | | | | amount, regardless of market fluctuations. As a |
| Dollar cost averaging (DCA) is an investing | | | | result, in periods of market declines, the investor |
| technique intended to reduce exposure to risk | | | | contributes more money, while in periods of |
| associated with making a single large purchase. | | | | market climbs, the investor contributes less. |
| According to this technique, shares of stock are | | | | Here is an example of DVA: I want to invest in |
| purchased in a specific amount on a specified | | | | Yahoo using DVA. For the sake of argument, we |
| periodic basis (often monthly), regardless of | | | | will say that Yahoo is currently $10 per share. I |
| current performance. The theory is that this will | | | | determine that the value of the amount I am |
| lead to greater returns overall, since smaller | | | | going to invest over the course of 1 year will rise, |
| numbers of shares will be bought when the cost | | | | on average, $1,000 each quarter as I make |
| is high, while larger number of shares will be | | | | additional investments. If I use DVA, I invest |
| bought while the cost is low. | | | | $1,000 to start. If, at the end of the first quarter, |
| An example of DCA would be as follows: If I | | | | the share price has risen to $15 per share, that |
| want to buy 1,200 shares of IBM stock using | | | | means that the value of my investment is now |
| DCA, then I might decide to purchase 400 shares | | | | $1,500, which means I will only have to invest |
| of IBM per month over the course of the next | | | | $500 at the start of the second quarter in order |
| three months. Hypothetically, during month one, | | | | to bring the total amount of my investment for |
| the price of IBM may be $105 per share, and | | | | the first and second quarter to $2,000. So, I am |
| then it might drop to $95 per share during month | | | | investing less as the stock price increases. |
| two, and then rise to $100 during month three. If | | | | In the long run, dollar value averaging usually |
| I bought all 1,200 shares during month one, I | | | | works better than cost averaging because value |
| would have cost me $105 per share. But, by | | | | averaging results in less money being invested as |
| spreading the purchase over a three month | | | | the stock price goes up, whereas with cost |
| period, I managed to buy IBM at an average price | | | | averaging you continue to invest the same |
| of $100 per share. | | | | number of dollars regardless of the share price. |
| The primary drawback of using DCA is that you | | | | However, neither of these stragies are necessarily |
| may not be maximizing your overall return. If | | | | full-proof. Make sure you know something about |
| there is an indication that a certain stock is | | | | the company you are going to invest in before |
| currently undervalued and might shoot up in price, | | | | deciding which strategy will best help you to avoid |
| you would actually make less money using DCA | | | | the pitfalls of market timing. |